Episode 43 (Part 2): What brought thousands of students to Jantar Mantar?

अब इस साथ उस दिशाओं का बातण पर बुकाने की पूरा हो गया है, जिसका प्रश्न लगा गई जाता है और वह पहले का विश्वास होना चाहिए, वह कर्म करती है कि वह ऐसा बंद करता है, लेकिन आप कुछ बंद लगा जाता है, लेकिन तेरवी वो प्रॉब्लमा लई शिक धूलाइय करते हैं जगह से कन्यार जग शिक छुआर हो जाता है वह विषयों के पास वह टेयर होकर आया है जांच पेशन म pronetics के उदाहर sound Heil swag तय में सेवंक मों के दिनों से एक कोई बात कर दी,से ऐसा दिया था तिसवार वाहार Dewi वह सब खत्म है लेकिन लोग भी अधिकर रहे थे कि वह उसका मुस्लिम था और किसी भी एक बहुत खत्माना स्थान रख गया था वह बता था कि आप क्या कर रहे हैं। नहीं कर चोटे भाई, नहीं कर नहीं कर बाकी लोग फिर भी बच चाहेंगे तुम्हारी जिंदगी बढ़बाद होगा तो कौन बार नहीं बताएंगे चुप कर लो थोड़ा सा सालन्स ठीक है तथा जिसके पर इंस्टिटूशन्स पुलिटिकल रेजीम्स के लिए लंग हैं हमने का ज़रूरत है, हमारी जनरेशन में निर्भ करते हैं, हमें सुखा उठाए थे, लेकिन उसे बिल्कुल पुरकी समय से उसके पास विचार अच्छा बना रहे हैं। humist скорее notsea money somalia प्रेजिनेशन ऑफ दिए एडुकेशन मिनिस्टर इस मॉर्डर स्लूशन आई थिंग थे थे फ्राइसर्स अफ एडुकेशन एंड इंडिया इवेरी डिंक और वह प्रकार की रुपश पर गांव से बता रहे हैं और भी उपभागत और उपभागत विश्वास बीच पर भी बदल करें और उदाहरण आवश्यकता और उदाहरण अधिकारण से बदल करें कि अ कि सलाम नमस्ते जिंदाबाद इस हर्षमंदर हियर वन वॉइपिसोड ऑफ आ सीरीज विकारवान महबुत विद विच ये डागदा गोजाला पर हम अपना रिपॉब्लिक के स्तेत को बिनाओं गए। یہ ایک موقع ہے جہاں جنگ لوگوں نے محکمت کے قابل کر دیا جہاں انہوں نے ان لوگوں کے ساتھ بہت ساری چیزیں اپنے پیش کر رہے ہیں، جنہوں نے اپنے والدین کے لئے، گورنمنٹ کے لئے، امیر ہے کہ وہاں بھی اپنے والدین کے لئے۔ یہ ایک موقع ہے جس میں میں فکر کرتا ہوں کہ اس وقت یہ حصہ کر رہا ہے۔ آج میں میں نے دو بہت سارے بہنوں کے ساتھ سمجھا جو ایک بہنوں کو سمجھا جو کچھ نے پیش کردی اور ان سے سمجھا جاتا ہے کہ کیا یہ ہے کہ بہنوں کو کہنا چاہتا ہے؟ کیا ہے کہ دلوں کے ساتھ بہترین بہنوں کو دلی کے ساتھ بڑھا رہے ہیں۔ لیکن اس دوسرے بار میں جو میں اب کر رہا ہوں تو میں نے سوچنا کہ میں بہترین بہنوں کے تداروں سے بات کریں گے اور انہیں ساتھ سوچیں کہ وہ کیسے سمجھتے ہیں؟ کیا وہ سوچتے ہیں کہ کتنی بہنوں کے ساتھ بہترین بہنوں کو اپنے پاس پولیس بیٹنز کی حصہ کرنے کے لئے، انہوں نے کھڑا رہا ہے، انہوں نے اپنے والدین کے اتنا دل کی اختلاف کرنے کے لئے، انسانی موازنوں کے حصہ کرنے کے لئے، کیوں ہے کہ وہ یہاں پہلے سرکار میں ہیں؟ اور آپ جانتے ہو، میں نے چاہتا ہے کہ میں نے ایک لسٹ ہے جو کچھ مدینہوں کے باقی میں ہے جہاں یہ ہوتا ہے اور میں ہے اور میں بہت سی بہت سی بھیت کرتا ہوں جمہوری دھرم سالہ جیپور جودپور لکنہو پر آگ راج اللہ آباد انہوں رام پور بھوپال اندور امداباد سورت پتنا بلاس پور رائی پور اندور کلکتہ جادو پور بینگلوڈ ڈوانگیرے کالا برگی گوہارٹی آئیزول ایٹا نگر شلون اگرتلا، ہائیڈرباد، وشاکہ پٹنم، ویزیانہ گرام، راجہ موندری، چینائی، تیرو وانتپورم اور یہ ایک ملکہ نہیں ہے کچھ چیز ہو رہا ہے، کچھ چیز سکھا رہا ہے اور یہ ہے کہ یہ کیا ہے کہ ہمارے چھوٹے لوگوں کو یہ سکھا رہا ہے میں نے 3 بہت خوبصورت، بہت خوبصورت ان سب بھی سوالی سائنٹس ہیں لیکن یہاں وہ نہیں ہونے کی وجہ ہے کہ وہ یہاں ہیں They have been teachers and have extremely sensitive understanding of India political economy Zoya Hassan is a professor emerita in political science in Jabhara Nehru and a very leading commentator. We have Saroj Giri, he also currently teaches Political Science in Delhi University. We have Yamini Iyer who is teaching at Brown University, but before that she was the President of the Center for Policy Research. And let me just quickly launch right away into the conversation. My simple first question is what in your understanding has brought tens and thousands, tens of thousands of young people onto the streets? We know the details of what sparked, you know, what, you know, there was a meme, there was a Chief Justice's remark, there was a meme, it somehow struck a chord and there was then a hunger strike, a protest. All of that we know. But now what is happening is quite well beyond how this started. Young people are on the streets protesting in ways that we've never seen before. With the courage and spirit that is extremely rare despite being you know the the the night after the police you know broke their bones smashed their heads you have the kids coming back in bandages and more young people coming back in large numbers they're saying something to us what is it thank you I think it is as you indicating a youth uprising and a significant one dominated by students but this uprising I think reflects accumulated grievances most of all I think there's an economic frustration behind this which was there but it was overshadowed by Hindutva politics by Hindu Muslim politics but there were so there are accumulated grievances and I I think the most important reason for the economic frustration is really job opportunities. There's simply not enough job opportunities. The government promised two crore jobs. And in fact, every year, far from it. I mean, we are far from it. And then I think it is also, I mean, there is a lot of talk. Also, just to interrupt you, it's not just that we're not creating more jobs. Even the jobs that are existing are getting casualized No but I think this has a lot to do with our growth model While we talk about high growth the fact is that this is growth without jobs It jobless growth and that has a lot to do with the growth model that we have followed which is different from the Chinese development model, which focused on manufacturing. Here the focus is on the service sector, and there are only that many jobs that the service sector can provide. It's really manufacturing-based that would have provided jobs, which we don't have. So I think jobless growth is a very, I mean of course it's a feature of neoliberalism, but it seems to be a particularly distinct feature of the Indian model of growth and I think we have to take that into account. Two, I would say there is a sense which was probably there but it was not noticed and that is that institutions are very unresponsive. There is this whole issue of accountability accountability of institutions and I think that has come to the forefront three and very very importantly I would say is that government has retreated from public education public education has been central to the growth of education in most countries including in our own but over the last few years there has been a huge retreat from public education from government schools from public universities and and Indian universities are in a bad shape for a variety of reasons for example 40% faculty positions in universities remain vacant and this has been pointed out for the last so many years even IITs with about which we make so I mean which are so important and which have been at the center of in a way in India's growth as growth as well even there i mean madras iit and so on 40 50 jobs uh positions have not been filled then i think there is this whole centralization of education which is again very particular to this government which has gone out of out of its way to centralize higher education and not only are faculty positions vacant but those that are being appointed are pretty incompetent and everyone is saying for example i can speak of my own university although i mean uh is uh what i hear from my colleagues now who are teaching in uh in jawaharlal nehri university that the new faculty appointments that have been made in the last 10 years or so are fairly incompetent they're often not in a position uh uh really in a position to teach also ideologically committed. That of course. Then I think very importantly there's also a crisis of the whole testing system. The NTA, the National Testing Agency which seems to be this government's contribution to